LPN
When you think of sodium intake and nutrition, you assume sodium is bad for your health. While it’s true that too much sodium in the diet can cause health problems, it’s also true that consuming too little sodium can be an issue.
Hyponatremia is the medical term used to describe less than desired blood sodium levels and this condition is often seen in the elderly population. Hyponatremia is a serious condition that can be fatal if it’s not recognized quickly and treated quickly. It’s important that nurses remain vigilant and look for the warning signs of this condition among the elderly.
The body uses sodium to balance fluids in the blood and to maintain blood pressure. It also aids in nerve and muscle function. As we age, the systems involved in the regulation of fluid balance are compromised.
Fluid intake and thirst perception, kidney function and kidney disease, fluid overload, congestive heart failure, underactive thyroid or adrenal glands, and hormonal changes are all critical issues that increase the risk for the elderly patient developing hyponatremia.
The elderly population is more susceptible to hyponatremia because they are most often prescribed medications or have medical conditions that increase their risk of the disorder.
The acronym “saltloss” can help you remember and identify hyponatremia symptoms easily.
S-Seizures and Stupor
A –Abdominal cramping, attitude changes (confusion)
L- Lethargy
T- Tendon reflexes diminished, trouble concentrating
L- Loss of urine and appetite
O-Orthostatic hypotension, overactive bowel sounds
S-Shallow respirations
S-Spasms of muscles
Remember, hyponatremia is a medical condition that can worsen quickly if prompt treatment is not administered. It usually requires a visit to the emergency department with hospitalization likely depending on the severity.
Long-term care nurses should take these interventions in that case:
If Hyponatremia is severe, intravenous treatment to correct sodium blood levels and hospitalization are needed for close monitoring.
Hyponatremia is a serious medical condition that can present and escalate quickly. It may lead to death if further evaluation and treatment is not quickly provided. It is important for long-term care nurses to thoroughly examine each resident’s medical history and current medications being taken upon admission to the long-term care facility, so they are better equipped to respond to any emergencies that may arise.
Supportive medical staff such as certified nursing assistants and certified medication aids should also be aware of the residents at higher risk for emergency intervention and these residents should be monitored more closely. Staff should also be educated on what to do if a situation arises. Witnessing an elderly resident having symptoms of hyponatremia can be scary, however, hyponatremia is a treatable medical condition with positive health outcomes for the elderly resident who is treated promptly.
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